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Implementation of the ecosystem services framework into policy and decision-making
Daněk, Jan ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Mederly, Peter (referee) ; Schneider, Jiří (referee)
The ecosystem services (ES) framework enables a better understanding of the benefits of nature to people and society. Thus it can help to inform decision-making and promote a more sustainable use of nature and landscape. Although the number of scientific publications on ES is steadily increasing, the actual application of ES knowledge in policy, decision-making and practice by actors is still very limited. The dissertation examines through several sub-studies whether and how the ES framework is already implemented in policies and in the real decision-making practice of various actors in the Czech Republic, and what the possibilities are of using this framework. The methods used include policy content analysis, semi-structured interviews, participatory workshops, focus groups, questionnaire survey with participatory mapping and a systematic literature review. The individual studies are then embedded in a conceptual framework of impact assessment for policy and decision-making. The results show that although the ES framework is relatively abundant in key national environmental policies, its application in decision-making is minimal. The identified gap between the existing level of implementation in policies and the very limited use in decision-making and practice can be explained by a number of...
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Aleje a jejich role v zemědělské krajině - stav a perspektivy
Kučerová, Laura
The thesis deals with the issue of tree-lined alleys and rows of trees in agricultural landscapes, which were described in detail in the theoretical section. In the application part, a summary map of 210 potential alleys and 631 potential rows of trees was created in the terri-tory of the Olomouc District outside the built-up area of the city of Olomouc and the Libavá military training area, supplemented by a database of 10 alleys in the Olomouc region and a green passport of the city of Olomouc. The data from the map were evaluated based on the location of the elements in individual municipalities in terms of density, length, and number of elements. Field research was carried out in two locations. In the village of Drahanovice was mapped out total of 11vegetation elements and in the town of Velká Bystřice was mapped out total of 41 vegetation elements. Mapping was subsequently evaluated. New elements were proposed in these areas based on the current and historical landscape structure, focusing on soil blocks with an area of more than 30 ha and more than 10 ha in areas with strongly eroded soils.
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Meziplodiny a zaplevelení obilnin
Pluschková, Zuzana
The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the types of weeds in intercrops and subsequent cereals, to evaluate changesin weeding and to estimate the long-term effects of intercrops on cereal weeding. The weeding rate was evaluated using a numerical method. In the company Hoštická a. s., weeding was observed in various mixtures of intercrops and subsequently cultivated spring barley and maize. In a field experiment carried out at the experiment station Ivanovice na Hané weeding was observed in a barley monoculture after a sown intercrop and after skimming. The results were processed using statistical methods. Weed species were also divided according to different criteria (according to biological properties, according to origin, according to invasive status and according to harmfulness). The results show that monoculture of barley can increase the species representation of weeds. In the long term, intercrops can suppress some types of weeds. Intercrops allow the sprouts of the previous crop to emerge and prevent weeding of subsequent crops. As the diversity of intercrops increases, the list of ecosystem services expands.
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Green infrastructure in the Czech republic and the European union
Kotrla, Jakub
The concept of green infrastructure has recently been increasingly discussed, but it has not been legislated for a long time. Green infrastructure has a slightly different meaning and understanding in each individual country. Green, green-blue, blue-green, green-blue-gray – all these appear in the world, but their use has not yet been unified. Green infrastructure generally means all green elements that appear in settlements. The green-blue infrastructure also adds water features. However, approaches to this phenomenon are very different in the countries of the European Union. This also affects the degree of protection of the landscape and the elements found in it. The article provides a review of approaches to green infrastructure from the EU's point of view, including examples, as well as a link to the legislation of the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic, this term did not have a uniform definition for a long time. It was only with the new Act No. 283/2021 Coll., the Construction Act, that the concept of green infrastructure was legislated in the Czech Republic. The division of public infrastructure is defined here, i.e. land, buildings and facilities serving public needs. In the legal system of the Czech Republic, it is therefore not only about vegetation and water elements, but also the territorial system of the ecological stability of the landscape.
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Methodology of participatory assessment of ecosystem services and their future scenarios in specially protected areas
Vačkářová, Davina ; Krpec, Petr ; Stella, David ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana
The aim of the methodology is to integrate ecosystem service assessment procedures into the processes of protection and management of specially protected areas. In particular, it is about expanding the assessment of ecosystem services of specially protected areas by the dimension of the involvement of local actors in the process of mapping and modeling ecosystem services. The methodology introduces procedures for participatory identification of benefits and values of nature, participatory creation of future development scenarios and participatory mapping and modeling of ecosystem services. These practices improve understanding and communication of the benefits and values of nature that protected areas contain and provide.
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Finanční aspekty lesních ekosystémů
Štěpánková, Michaela
Štěpánková, M., Financial aspects of forest ecosystems. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2022. Forest ecosystems provide a range of services that affect the life and well-being of society. As a result of climate neutrality being achieved under the Green Deal, the carbon sequestration ecosystem service plays a significant role. Its role is to reduce atmospheric concentrations and slow global warming by storing oxide in its biomass. Climate change is, among other things, also the cause of the bark beetle calamity, which has negatively affected the functional capabilities of forest ecosystems and the financial situation of forest owners. Therefore, the aim of the work is to quantify the financial aspects of forest ecosystem management on a model of 1 hectare and to evaluate the level of support for forest owners. The benefit of carbon sequestration is demonstrated in the enumeration of the value in individual regions of the Czech Republic regarding the area size of forest land. Consequently, a recommendation for forest ecosystem management is cre-ated to protect investments and the resilience of forests to climate change.
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Návštěvnost v Krkonošském národním parku – ochota platit za kulturní ekosystémové služby a vliv pandemie Covid-19 na návštěvnost v parku
Krejčí, Tomáš
The thesis deals with the topic of willingness to pay for ecosystem services in the Krkonoše Mountains National Park. It also examines the impact of COVID measures on visitor numbers in this National Park. The aim of the thesis was to determine the potential willingness of visitors to the Krkonoše Mountains National Park to pay for entrance. A secondary aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of the Covid-19 measures on visitor numbers based on data from census facilities located in the National Park. A literature search method was used in the thesis to clarify the concept of ecosystem services, their valuation and payment for them, including the willingness-to-pay method. Quantitative research was used to fulfill the objective of the thesis in which data was collected from a questionnaire survey. The data was then compiled into contingency tables and interpreted using graphical displays. The most common amount that visitors are willing to pay to enter the National Park was found to be 50 CZK. Data from the census facilities showed that anti-Covid-19 measures that somehow restrict the movement of people have a negative effect on visitor numbers in the National Park.
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The influence of intensity of agricultural land use on pollinator diversity and abundance
Tomsová, Lucie ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černá, Kristýna (referee)
Agricultural intensification is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscape. One of the ecosystem services is pollination, which helps to preserve the biodiversity of wild plants in cultural landscape and is also vital for production of food, especially fruits and vegetables. Decreasing management intensity could be one of the potential solutions for maintaining sufficient level of pollination in the agricultural landscape. This can be achieved at least on parts of agricultural land. Also, certain areas of cultivated land can be excluded from production in exchange for subsidies for farmers who agree to implement this method. For this reason, the European Union has introduced organic farming and agri- environmental schemes. The aim of the study was to determine whether currently applied low-intensity management is sufficiently effective to protect wild plants, pollinators and their mutual relations. And if so, whether it is due to the decreased management intensity or due to the floral sources available. Another question dealt with is how the effects of organic farming depend on the landscape structure. Results of various studies dealing with this topic were qualitatively compared. Current studies show that organic farming has positive...
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Impact of endosymbiotic bacteria on the capacity of host spiders (Araneae) to provide ecosystem services
Gloríková, Nela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
The impact of the microbial community as well as individual strains of endosymbiotic bacteria on spider hosts has only begun to be increasingly studied in the last 20 years. This is primarily due to new molecular methods and devices, but on the other hand also to a growing desire to unravel the mechanisms behind the ability of spiders to provide ecosystem services. Their unique contribution lies in their high diversity, their generalist hunting strategy, and their efficient long-distance dispersal called ballooning. However, their abilities are possibly affected by the tiny organisms inhabiting their tissues - from the haemolymph to the digestive tract and the reproductive organs. In this work, attention is paid to the aspects that are influenced or manipulated by microbes for the purpose of their own transmission. Studies investigating known reproductive manipulators such as Wobachia, Cardinium or Rickettsia are summarized. The work summarizes recent findings in the areas of the impact of endosymbiotic bacteria on metabolic pathways and nutritional support, but also on behavioral aspects such as predatory/antipredatory behavior, defense against parasitoids or pathogens, and dispersal or avoidance of stress. Information about spiders is also related to knowledge about other invertebrates. Keywords:...
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Impacts of invasive plant species on European environment
Breburdová, Vendula ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The DAISIE project in the 6. framework program of the European Union provides valuable data about European invasive species. Invasive plants have various impacts, positive and negative, and effects all four types of ecosystem services (supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural). Invasive species are also known to cause serious economic looses. The proposed work aims at summarizing the up-to-date knowledge about the impact of invasive flora on European environment and human well-being. key words: invasive plants, impact, DAISIE, Europe, ecosystem services
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